During a trial, virtually all evidence is presented to the fact finder (usually a jury in criminal cases, but sometimes a judge) through witnesses called by each party during that party's case. The party that has called a witness first has an opportunity to elicit testimony from that witness in direct examination. At the conclusion of direct examination, and usually with little delay, the opposing party will have a chance to cross-examine the witness (although he is not obliged to do so).
DANIEL C. RICHMAN
See also ADVERSARY SYSTEM; BURDEN OF PROOF; CONFESSIONS; COUNSEL: ROLE OF COUNSEL; CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS; TRIAL, CRIMINAL; VICTIMS' RIGHTS.
CASES
Maryland v. Craig, 497 U.S. 836 (1990).
United States v. Owens, 484 U.S. 554 (1988).
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