Philadelphia Newspapers Inc. v. Hepps

The Supreme Court found that for topics of public interest First Amendment protections of the press outweigh libel common law even in cases involving private citizens. The private individual, not the press, must prove the falseness of alleged smear statements. The finding held that private individuals and public personalities face the same rigorous standards for winning defamation suits against the press. Due to the continual altering of libel law by the Court since the 1960s, an individual's ability to legally protect their reputation has been greatly limited leading toward political efforts to substantially restructure libel law. This case was one of the more important procedural rulings by the Court favoring the news media in defamation suits.

General Programming, Inc. (GPI) franchised a chain of stores in the Philadelphia area known as "Thrifty" specializing in beer, soft drink, and snacks sales. Maurice S. Hepps was GPI's principal stockholder. Between May of 1975 and May of 1976, the Philadelphia Inquirer, owned by Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc., published a series of five articles linking Hepps and GPI to organized crime. The articles claimed GPI used criminal associations to influence the Pennsylvania legislature and the State Liquor Control Board. Hepps filed suit in a state court against Philadelphia Newspapers claiming their reputations were harmed.