- Biskupic, Joan, and Elder Witt. Guide to the U.S. Supreme Court, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1997.
- Foner, Eric, and John Garraty, editors. The Reader's Companion to American History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.
- Hall, Kermit L., editor. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court ofthe United States. New York: Oxford Press, 1992.
- New York Times, 8 January 1918.
- Witt, Elder, ed. The Supreme Court A to Z. CQ's Encyclopedia of American Government. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1993.
User Comments Add a comment…