Ecological variation in crime, delinquency, and fear of crime are examined in this entry. The discussion examines macro-level variations at the regional and city-levels, this considers community level variations.
RALPH B. TAYLOR
See also CRIME CAUSATION: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES; PREVENTION: ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES; RURAL CRIME; URBAN CRIME.
Documented variations in local crime or arrest or offender rates date to the mid-nineteenth century. In France, for example, officials and researchers were particularly interested in seeing the effects of their new criminal laws. They looked at how many people were being arrested, imprisoned, flogged, or hung in different parts of the country. Researchers like Guerry and Quetelet found spatial var…
Within cities, there are safe neighborhoods and crime-ridden ones; even within crime-ridden neighborhoods, there are safe street-blocks—the two sides of the street bounded by the two cross streets—and dangerous ones. What do these patterns look like, and how are they to be explained? Most of the work in this area has examined neighborhood-to-neighborhood variations, although some hav…
——. "Ecological Stability and the Dynamics of Delinquency." In Communities and Crime. Edited by A. J. Reiss and M. Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pages 35–66. ——. "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency." Criminology 26 (1988): 519–551. ——. "The Subcultural Theory of…
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about 2 years ago
Your articles appear useful but cannot be quoted due to poor citation. Most of the time, no author ,no publisher, no date, no page and no reference. thanks
about 4 years ago
Very informative. I am currently researching the effects of the building of garage suites, used as lower rental units, in a highermiddle class area, and how they will undermine the stability and fabric of the neighbourhood. I feel adding the transient element to this mature area will introduce some negatives etc. Can you point me to more research. Thank you.