Deterrence

ANDENAES, JOHANNES. Punishment and Deterrence. Foreword by Norval Morris. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1974.

——. "General Prevention Revisited: Research and Policy Implications." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 66 (1975): 338–365.

——. "The Scandinavian Experience." In Social Control of the Drinking Driver. Edited by Michael D. Lawrence, John R. Snortum, and Franklin E. Zimring. University of Chicago Press, 1988.

BECKER, G. S. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach." Journal of Political Economy 76 (1968): 168–217.

BEYLEVELD, DERYCK. A Bibliography on General Deterrence. Aldershot, Hampshire, U.K.: Saxon House, 1980.The bibliography also gives summaries of and useful comments to the included studies.

BLUMSTEIN, ALFRED; COHEN, JACQUELINE; and NAGIN, DANIEL, eds. Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1978.

EHRLICH, ISAAC. "The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: A Question of Life and Death." American Economic Review 65 (1975): 397–417. For full references and commentaries to the controversy, see Beyleveld, pp. 184–201, 382–385.

EIDE, ERLING. Economics of Crime. Deterrence and the Rational Offender. North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science B.V., 1994.

GIBBS, JACK P. Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence. New York: Elsevier, 1975.

HAUGE, RAGNAR. "Drinking-and-Driving: Biochemistry, Law, and Morality." Scandinavian Studies in Criminology 6 (1978): 61–68.

LAPPI-SEPPÄLÄ, TAPIO. "General Prevention—Hypotheses and Empirical Evidence." Ideologi og empiri i kriminologien. Rapport fra NSfKs 37. forskerseminar, Sverige (1995): pp. 136–159.

——. Regulating the Prison Population. Experience from a Long-Term Policy in Finland. Helsinki: National Research Institute of Legal Policy, 1998.

President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force on Assessment of Crime. Task Force Report: Crime and Its Impact—An Assessment. Washington, D.C.: The Commission, 1967.

ROSS, H. LAURENCE. "Law, Science, and Accidents: The British Road Safety Act of 1967." Journal of Legal Studies 2 (1973): 1–78.

SHEPPARD, D. The 1967 Drink-and-Driving Campaign: A Survey among Drivers. Road Research Laboratory Report LR230. Crowthorne, Berkshire, U.K.: Ministry of Transport, 1968.

VON HIRSCH, ANDREW; BOTTOMS, ANTHONY E.; BURNEY, ELIZABETH; and WIKSTRÖM, PER-OLOF. Criminal Deterrence and Sentence Severity: An Analysis of Recent Research. Oxford, U.K.: Hart Publishing Ltd., 1999.

WILKINS, LESLIE T. "Criminology: An Operational Research Approach." In Society: Problems and Methods of Study. Edited by A. T. Welford. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962. Pages 311–337.

ZIMRING, FRANKLIN E., and HAWKINS, GORDON J. Deterrence: The Legal Threat in Crime Control. Foreword by James Vorenberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.