Crime Causation: Economic Theories

BECKER, GARY. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach." Journal of Political Economy 76 (1968): 169–217.

BECKER, GARY, and MURPHY, KEVIN. "A Theory of Rational Addiction." Journal of Political Economy 96 (1988): 675–700.

EHRLICH, ISAAC. "Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation." Journal of Political Economy 81 (1973): 521–565.

——. "The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: A Question of Life and Death." Journal of Political Economy 65 (1975): 397–417.

FARRINGTON, DAVID; GALLAGHER, BERNARD; MORLEY, LYNDA; ST. LEDGER, RAYMOND; and WEST, DONALD. "Unemployment, School Leaving and Crime." British Journal of Criminology 26 (1986): 335–356.

FLINN, C. "Dynamic Models of Criminal Careers." In Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals." Edited by A. Blumstein. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986.

FREEMAN, RICHARD. "The Economics of Crime." In Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3c, chap. 52. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North Holland Publishers, 1999a.

——. "Disadvantaged Young Men and Crime." In Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries. Edited by David Blanch-flower and Richard Freeman. Chicago, 1999b.

GRANGER, CLIVE. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods." Econometrica 37 (1969): 424–438.

GROGGER, JEFFREY. "The Effect of Arrests on the Employment and Earnings of Young Men." Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1995): 51–71.

HECKMAN, JAMES. "Statistical Models for Discrete Panel Data." In Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications. Edited by C. F. Manski and D. F. McFadden. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981.

LEVITT, STEVEN. "The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation." Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (1996): 319–351.

——. "Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime." American Economic Review 87 (1997): 270–290.

——. "Juvenile Crime and Punishment." Journal of Political Economy 106 (1998): 1156–1185.

LOCHNER, LANCE. "Education, Work, and Crime: Theory and Evidence." University of Rochester, Working Paper No. 465 (1999).

MARVELL, THOMAS, and MOODY, CARLISLE. "Specification Problems, Police Levels, and Crime Rates." Criminology 34 (1996): 609–646.

MOCAN, NACI, and REES, DANIEL. "Economic Conditions, Deterrence and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from Micro Data." NBER Working Paper 7405 Cambridge, Mass., 1999.

MOFFIT, TERRIE. "Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy." Psychological Review 100 (1993): 674–701.

NAGIN, DANIEL. "Criminal Deterrence: A Review of the Evidence on a Research Agenda for the Outset of the 21st Century." In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Edited by Michael Tonry. University of Chicago Press. Vol. 23, pp. 1–42.

NAGIN, DANIEL, and WALDFOGEL, JOEL. "The Effects of Criminality and Conviction on the Labor Market Status of Young British Offenders." International Review of Law and Economics 15 (1995): 109–126.

SCHMIDT, PETER, and WITTE, ANN DRYDEN. An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice. New York: Academic Press, 1984.

TAUCHEN, HELEN, and WITTE, ANN DRYDEN. "The Dynamics of Domestic Violence." American Economic Review 85 (1995): 414–418.

THORNBERRY, TERRENCE, and CHRISTENSON, R. L. "Unemployment and Criminal Involvement: An Investigation of Reciprocal Causal Structures." American Sociological Review 56 (1984): 609–627.

WILLIAMS, JENNY, and SICKLES, ROBIN. "Turning from Crime: A Dynamic Perspective." Paper presented in the Econometric Session on Structural Models at the ASSA Meetings in Boston, January, 2000.

WITT, ROBERT; CLARKE, ALAN; and FIELDING, NIGEL. "Crime and Economic Activity: A Panel Data Approach." British Journal of Criminology 39 (1999): 391–400.

WITT, ROBERT, and WITTE, ANN DRYDEN. "Crime, Prison, and Female Labor Supply." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16, no. 1 (March 2000): 69–85.

WITTE, ANN DRYDEN. "Estimating the Economic Model of Crime with Individual Data." Quarterly Journal of Economics 94 (1980): 59–87.

——. "Crime." In The Social Benefits of Education. Edited by Jere Behrman and Nevzer Stacey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.

WITTE, ANN DRYDEN, and TAUCHEN, HELEN. "Work and Crime: An Exploration Using Panel Data." Public Finance 49 (1994): 1–14.