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EDWARDS, HARRY T. "To Err Is Human, but Not Always Harmless: When Should Legal Error Be Tolerated?" New York University Law Review 70, no. 6 (1995): 1167–1213.

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HERMANN, ROBERT. "Frivolous Criminal Appeals." New York University Law Review 47, no. 4 (1972): 701.

LAFAVE, WAYNE R., and ISRAEL, JEROLD H. Criminal Procedure, vol. 3, chap. 26, pp. 171–281. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing, 1984, 1991 supp.

MEADOR, DANIEL. Criminal Appeals: English Practices and American Reforms. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1973.

MELTZER, DANIEL J. "Harmless Error and Constitutional Remedies." University of Chicago Law Review 61, no. 1 (1994): 1–39.

ORFIELD, LESTER B. Criminal Appeals in America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1939.

ROSSMAN, DAVID. "'Were There No Appeal': The History of Review in American Criminal Courts." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 81, no. 3 (1990): 518–566.

SALTZBURG, STEPHEN A. "The Harm of Harmless Error." Virginia Law Review 59 (1973): 988.

SHAPIRO, MARTIN. "Appeal." Law & Society Review 14, spring (1980): 629–661.

STACY, TOM, and DAYTON, KIM. "Rethinking Harmless Constitutional Error." Columbia Law Review 88, no. 1 (1988): 79–143.

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STITH, KATE. "The Risk of Legal Error in Criminal Cases: Some Consequences of the Asymmetry in the Right to Appeal." University of Chicago Law Review 57, no. 1 (1990): 1–61.

TRAYNOR, ROGER. The Riddle of Harmless Error. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1970.

WARNER, MARTHA C. "Anders in the 50 States: Some Appellants' Equal Protection Is More Equal than Others." Florida State University Law Review 23, no. 3 (1996): 625–667.