Robbery is a form of theft that is accomplished by the use or threat of violence.
FLOYD FEENEY
DAN M. KAHAN
See also ASSAULT AND BATTERY; BANK ROBBERY; THEFT.
In modern English and American law the crime of robbery is generally defined by statute. The definitions used are primarily of two kinds: those that are closely derived from the older English common law, and those that have adopted modifications of the type recommended by the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code. The California statute is typical of the common law approach. Borrowing language…
Use of force or fear. The central requirement of robbery is that the taking be by means of either force or fear. One common type of robbery involving force is mugging, in which the robber grabs the victim around the neck from the rear and forcibly removes his wallet or other valuables. Other common kinds of force involve striking a victim with the fists, a gun, or a blunt object. Like any other ca…
Some crimes closely related to robbery are larceny, larceny from the person, assault, battery, kidnapping, extortion, and murder. Larceny is the principal common law form of theft, and differs from robbery in that it involves neither the element of force or fear nor the requirement that the taking be from the person of the victim. Larceny from the person is an aggravated form of theft that does in…
First listed as a plea of the Crown by Henry II in the twelfth century, robbery was one of the early crimes under English law to be made punishable by the state rather than through compensation of the injured party or through private vengeance. While not well defined at this time, robbery probably required a taking by actual force from the person of the victim, and was punishable by death or mutil…
Robbery includes a wide variety of behavior ranging from opportunistic schoolyard shakedowns to carefully planned multimillion-dollar thefts from Brink's or the London?Glasgow train. In the United States about half of the robberies committed are never reported to the police. Of those that are reported more than half involve some kind of weapon, most commonly the handgun. As many as a fifth of all …
Most robbers are male, and in the United States approximately 60 percent are between fifteen and twenty-four years of age. Approximately 30 percent are under eighteen, and the peak years appear to be those between the ages of sixteen and nineteen. A high proportion of robbers, both as described by victims and according to arrest rates, are black. Abroad as well, minority and disadvantaged groups f…
American Law Institute. Model Penal Code: Proposed Official Draft. Philadelphia: ALI, 1962. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1998. Note. "A Rationale of the Law of Aggravated Theft." Columbia Law Review 54 (1954): 84?110. …
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