Riots: Behavioral Aspects

BERGESEN, ALBERT. "Official Violence during the Watts, Newark and Detroit Race Riots of the 1960s." In A Political Analysis of Deviance. Edited by Pat Lauderdale. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980.

BERGESEN, ALBERT, and HERMAN, MAX. "Immigration, Race and Riot: The 1992 Los Angeles Uprising." American Sociological Review 63 (1998): 39–54.

BERK, RICHARD, and ALDRITCH, HOWARD. "Patterns of Vandalism During Civil Disorders as an Indicator of Selection of Targets." American Sociological Review 37 (1972): 533–547.

DOWNES, BRYAN T. "Social and Political Characteristics of Riot Cities: A Comparative Study." Social Science Quarterly 49 (1968): 427–443.

FOGELSON, ROBERT M. Violence as Protest: A Study of Riots and Ghettos. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Doubleday, 1971.

HERMAN, MAX. "Fighting in the Streets: Ethnic Succession and Riot Violence in 20th Century America." Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, 1999.

HOFSTADTER, RICHARD, and WALLACE, MICHAEL. American Violence: A Documentary History. New York: Vintage Books, 1970.

JANOWITZ, MORRIS. "Collective Racial Violence: A Contemporary History." Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Gurr. Rev. ed. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1979.

LADNER, ROBERT A.; SCHWARTZ, BARRY J.; ROKER, SANDRA J.; and TITTERUD, LORETTA S. "The Miami Riots of 1980: Antecedent Conditions, Community Responses and Participant Characteristics." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 4 (1981): 171–214.

LE BON, GUSTAVE. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. London: T. F. Unwin, 1903.

LIEBERSON, STANLEY, and SILVERMAN, ARNOLD. "The Precipitants and Underlying Conditions of Race Riots." American Sociological Review (December 1965): 887–898.

MCADAM, DOUG. "Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency." American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 735–754.

MCPHAIL, CLARK. "The Dark Side of Purpose: Individual and Collective Violence in Riots." The Sociological Quarterly 35 (1994): 1–32.

MARX, GARY. "Issueless Riots." In Collective Violence. Edited by James Short, Jr. and Marvin Wolfgang. Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1972. Pages 47–59.

MOINAT, SHERYL M.; RAINE, WALTER J.; BURBECK, STEPHEN L.; and DAVISON, KEITH K. "Black Ghetto Residents as Rioters." The Journal of Social Issues 28, no. 4 (1972): 45–62.

MYERS, DANIEL J. "Racial Rioting in the 1960s: An Event History Analysis of Local Conditions." American Sociological Review 62 (1997): 94–112.

OLZAK, SUSAN; SHANAHAN, SUZANNE; and MCENEANY, ELIZABETH H. "Poverty, Segregation and Race Riots, 1960–1993." American Sociological Review 61 (1996): 590–613.

QUANTERELLI, E. L., and DYNES, RUSSELL. "Looting in Civil Disorders: An Index of Social Change." In Riots and Rebellion: Civil Violence in the Urban Community. Edited by Louis H. Masotti and Donald R. Bowen. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1968. Pages 131–141.

ROSENFELD, MICHAEL J. "Celebration, Politics, Selective Looting and Riots: A Micro Level Study of the Bulls Riot of 1992 in Chicago." Social Problems 44, no. 4 (1997): 483–502.

SNOW, DAVID A., and OLIVER, PAMELA E. "Social Movements and Collective Behavior: Social Psychological Dimensions and Considerations." In Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Edited by Karen S. Cook, Gary Alan Fine, and James S. House. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995.

SPILERMAN, SEYMOUR. "The Causes of Racial Disturbances: A Comparison of Alternative Explanations." American Sociological Review 35 (1970): 627–649.

——. "Structural Characteristics of Cities and the Severity of Racial Disorders." American Sociological Review 41 (1976): 771–793.

STARK, RODNEY. Police Riots: Collective Violence and Law Enforcement. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1972.

STOTT, CLIFFORD, and REICHER, STEPHEN. "Crowd Action as Intergroup Process: Introducing the Police Perspective." European Journal of Social Psychology 28 (1998): 509–529.

TIERNEY, KATHLEEN J. "Property Damage and Violence: A Collective Behavior Analysis." In The Los Angeles Riots: Lessons for the Urban Future. Edited by Mark Baldassare. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1994.

TURNER, RALPH H., and KILLIAN, LEWIS M. Collective Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1987.

TURNER, RALPH H. "Race Riots Past and Present: A Collective-Cultural Behavior Approach." Symbolic Interaction 17 (1994): 309–324.

WALKER, DANIEL, ed. Rights in Conflict. New York: Grossett and Dunlap, 1968.