Police: History

BECCARIA, C. On Crimes and Punishment. (1763). Translated by H. Paolucci. New York: Bobbs-Merill, 1963.

BITTNER, EGON. The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. Rockville, Md.: National Institute for Mental Health, 1970.

GAINES, LARRY K.; KAPPELER, VICTOR E.; and VAUGHN, JOSEPH B. Policing in America. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing, 1999.

GREENWOOD, PETER W., and PETERSILIA, JOAN. The Criminal Investigation Process, Vol. 1, Summary and Policy Implications. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 1975.

KELLING, GEORGE L., and MOORE, MARK H. "The Evolving Strategy of Policing." Perspectives on Policing 4. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice, 1988.

KELLING, GEORGE L., et al. Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: A Summary Report. Washington, D.C.: The Police Foundation, 1974.

KRASKA, PETER B., and KAPPELER, VICTOR E. "Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units." Social Problems 44, no. 1 (1997): 1–18.

LANGWORTHY, ROBERT H., and TRAVIS, LAWRENCE P., III. Policing in America: A Balance of Forces. 2d ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1999.

LEO, RICHARD. "The Impact of Miranda Revisited." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86, no. 3 (1996): 621–692.

LUNDMAN, RICHARD J. Police and Policing: An Introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1980.

MAGUIRE, EDWARD. "Structural Change in Large Municipal Police Organizations during the Community Policing Era." Justice Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1997): 547–576.

MAGUIRE, EDWARD R.; SNIPES, JEFFREY B.; UCHIDA, CRAIG D.; and TOWNSEND, MARGARET. "Counting Cops: Estimating the Number of Police Departments and Police Officers in the USA." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 21, no. 1 (1998): 97–120.

MONKKONEN, ERIC H. Police in Urban America, 1860–1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

NALLA, M. K., and NEWMAN, G. R. "Is White-Collar Policing, Policing?" Policing and Society 3 (1994): 303–318.

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

PATE, TONY; FERRARA, AMY; BOWERS, ROBERT A.; and LORENCE, JON. Police Response Time: Its Determinants and Effects. Washington, D.C.: Police Foundation, 1976.

SHELLEY, LOUISE. "The Sources of Soviet Policing." Police Studies 17, no. 2 (1994): 49–66.

SHERMAN, LAWRENCE W.; MILTON, CATHERINE H.; and KELLY, THOMAS V. Team Policing: Seven Case Studies. Washington, D.C.: Police Foundation, 1973.

UCHIDA, CRAIG D. "The Development of American Police: A Historical Overview." In Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings. Edited by R. G. Dunham and G. P. Alpert. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press, 1993. Pages 14–30.

VON HOFFMAN, ALEXANDER. "An Officer of the Neighborhood: A Boston Patrolman on the Beat in 1895." Journal of Social History 26(1992): 309–330.

WALKER, SAMUEL. A Critical History of Police Reform. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath and Co.,1977.

——. "'Broken Windows' and Fractured History: The Use and Misuse of History in Recent Police Patrol Analysis." Justice Quarterly 1, no. 1 (1984): 75–90.

——. The Police in America. 3d ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill College, 1999.

WALKER, SAMUEL, and RICHARDS, M. "A Service under Change: Current Issues in Policing in England and Wales." Police Studies 19, no. 1 (1996): 53–74.

WHITEHOUSE, J. "Historical Perspectives on the Police Community Service Function." Journal of Police Science and Administration 1, no. 1 (1973): 87–92.

WILLIAMS, HUBERT, and MURPHY, PATRICK V. "The Evolving Strategy of Police: A Minority Perspective." Perspectives on Policing 13. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice,1990.

WILSON, JAMES Q. Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.

WILSON, JAMES Q., and KELLING, GEORGE L. "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety." The Atlantic Monthly no. 249 (1982): 29–38.