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United States v. Virginia

Further Readings



  • Coyle, Marcia. "Court Asks Why VMI Must Stay Stag." The National Law Journal, January 29, 1996, p. A14.
  • Coyle, Marcia. "High Court Goes for Skeptical Scrutiny on Gender." The National Law Journal, July 8, 1996, p. A12.
  • Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Women and War. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
  • Hellman, Deborah. "Two Types of Discrimination: The Familiar and the Forgotten." California Law Review, March 1998, p. 315.
  • Lovell, Amy. "Other Students Always Used to Say, `Look at the Dykes': Protecting Students from Peer Sexual Orientation Harassment." California Law Review, May 1998, p. 617.
  • New York Times, April 4, 1991; April 24, 1991; June 18-19, 1991; August 13, 1992; October 6, 1992; October 14, 1992; November 19, 1992; September 26, 1993; October 13, 1993; June 1, 1995; December 27, 1995; January 18, 1996; June 27-28, 1996.
  • Sadker, Myra, and David Sadker. Failing at Fairness: How America's Schools Cheat Girls. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1994.
  • Salomone, Rosemary C. "The VMI Case: Affirmation of Equal Educational Opportunity for Women." Trial, October 1996, p. 67.
  • Samborn, Hope Viner. "Scrutiny Scrutinized; Case Sparks Debate on Intermediate Standard." ABA Journal, September 1996, p. 29.
  • Skaggs, Jason M. "Justifying Gender-Based Affirmative Action Under United States v. Virginia's `Exceedingly Persuasive Justification Standard." California Law Review, October 1998, p. 1169.
  • Smith, Bruce. "No Easy Ride Predicted as Women Enter Citadel." Detroit News, August 25, 1996.
  • Sullivan, Kathleen M. "Decisions Expand Equal Protection Rights." The National Law Journal, July 29, 1996, p. C7.
  • Widiss, Deborah A. "Re-viewing History: The Use of the Past as Negative Precedent in United States v. Virginia." Yale Law Journal, October 1998, p. 237.

Additional topics

Law Library - American Law and Legal InformationNotable Trials and Court Cases - 1995 to PresentUnited States v. Virginia - Significance, Sex Discrimination At V.m.i., History Repeats Itself, A Catch -22