Louis J. Freeh

Mideast: Region between Europe and Asia including northeastern Africa.

Arafat, Hussein, Mubarak: Arafat, leader of Palestinian Authority; Hussein, king of Jordan; Mubarak, president of Egypt.

Counterparts: Government law enforcement directors of other countries.

Technology crimes: Disabling computer systems or using computers and the Internet for criminal activity.

Information age: Communications with high speed computers.

Infrastructure: Basic framework for systems, such as communications, bridges, railroads, roadways, airports.

Transparency of borders: Lack of geographical lines in cyberspace.

Intrusions: Terrorist threats or acts.

Encryption: Coded message systems that allow secret information to be sent.

Proliferation: Rapid increase.

Robust encryption proliferates without any recovery systems: Vigorous encryption continues without a way to retrieve the coded data.

Apalachin meeting: A historic gathering of numerous organized crime leaders.

La Cosa Nostra: The Mafia, an Italian and Sicilian crime organization.

Imperative: Essential.

Initiatives: Actions.

Unilaterally: Alone.

Private sector: Privately owned businesses and industry.

Exploited: Used by criminals for criminal activities.

Phone phreaker: A person who disrupts and causes confusion in a telephone system.

Extrapolate: Project to a larger situation.

Pornography: Videos, books, and photographs focusing on nudity and sexual activities.

Deciphered: Figured out.

Grave implications: Capable of doing great harm.

Catastrophic: Disastrous.

Sobering: Makes one think more serious consequences would be likely.

Prospective issues: Potential criminal activity.

Vulnerabilities: Weaknesses.

Protocols of plans and systems: Defense strategies.

Pursuant to: In direct response to.

Threat assessments:

Determine weak areas that could be hit.

Programmatic squads:

Groups of agents that deal with certain types of criminal activity.

SACs: Security assessment centers.

Authorities: Legal responsibility.

Academics: Scholars, such as university professors, who were experts in trademark, copyright, and patent issues.

Trade secrets: Business secrets.

Intellectual property: A creation of someone's mind, such as a poem, song, story, or play.

Impetus: Incentive.

Exempted or court-authorized recovery mechanism: Legal authority to retrieve information stored in computers like legal authority to wiretap telephone lines.

Stringent requirements:

Strict guidelines for information gathering to avoid invasion of privacy of individuals or groups.

Liaison functions: Cooperating and coordinating.

Host: The country where Legat is located.

Behind the eight ball: Needing to act and react defensively.

Anomaly: Unusual.

Intervened: Took action on.