48 minute read

Protective Orders laws

Information on the law about Protective Orders



Protective orders are typically used in domestic disputes to ban one party from contact with another or from interfering with an order of the court with respect to child visitation or custody rights. They are also frequently used in cases of spousal abuse to keep the violent party from coming into contact with the victim. Protective orders are usually temporary measures that the court uses in order to remedy suspected destructive activity while the parties gather and present evidence showing that a more permanent remedy is required. Protective orders may sometimes be granted ex parte, that is without the presence of the party being effected, but only when there is substantial evidence that the party applying for the order is under an imminent threat of injury or when there is good evidence that an order of the court will be violated.



Protective orders have a wide range of temporary duration. Typically, they last for one year with extensions possible under certain particular circumstances. Six states allow imposition of protective orders for up to three years, and three other states limit them to just 90 days. Ohio has enacted a law that sets the duration of a protective order at five years, the longest of any state. Violations of protective orders also vary widely. Although most states impose a maximum one year sentence and a $1,000 fine, eight states require mandatory jail time for violating a protective order.

Virtually all states require transmission of protective orders to local law enforcement agencies. Twelve states require transmission within 48 hours. A few states have set up state-wide registries or information systems that keep track of protective orders that are presently in effect. Utilization of technology, such as the internet, and wide area networks, permit easy access to statewide registries. In Iowa, for example, it is required to get certified copies of protective orders into the hands of law enforcement agencies within six hours of issuance.

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
ALABAMA
30-5-1, et al seq. Enjoining contacts of abuse; harassing communication; excluding party from dwelling, school or place of employment; regarding minors: award temporary custody and establish visitations as well as temporary support; enjoin defendant from interfering; direct law enforcement to accompany plaintiff to residences to protect from abuse Up to 1 year, can be amended at any time upon verified petition by either party Willful violation: Class A misdemeanor, fine not to exceed $2,000 and/or jail up to 1 year; 2nd conviction: 30 days unsuspended jail sentence, and 1/3 incarceration costs and fine; 3rd or subsequent: 120 days unsuspended jail sentence and 1/3 incarceration costs and fine; 2nd conviction: in addition to permissible fine, minimum of 48 hours continuous imprisonment which may not be suspended; 3rd or subsequent conviction: minimum sentence of 30 days imprisonment, can't be suspended. An adult for themselves or another person prevented by physical or mental incapacities or on behalf of minor children If petitioner can show they have inadequate funds Copy issued to law enforcement officials with jurisdiction to enforce the order or agreement Civil contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
ALASKA
repealed 18.66.100-18.66.180 Enjoining contacts of domestic violence, communication or entering a propelled vehicle occupied by or possessed by party; excluding party from dwelling, award temporary custody; prohibit respondent from using or possessing weapons; request peace officer accompany petitioner; award custody; prohibit respondent from consuming controlled substances; pay costs Until further order of court for threats and acts of domestic violence 6 months for other acts Possible misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail, up to $5,000 fine Adult or minor through guardian ad litem or attorney On the basis of indigency. No filing fees Copy of order transmitted to appropriate local law enforcement agency  
ARIZONA
13-3602 Enjoined from committing acts of domestic violence; excluded from dwelling, place of employment, school; participation in domestic violence counseling; prohibition from possession of a firearm 1 year; a modified order expires 1 yr. after service and the initial order and petition Arrest and prosecution for the crime of interfering with judicial proceeding and any other crime committed in disobeying the order Person or other if person is either temporarily or permanently unable to request an order; if minor, legal guardian May be waived under any rule, statute or other law applicable to civil actions; no requirements of community service as a condition of fee waiver. Within 24 hours after acceptance of service or affidavit has been returned; copies sent to sheriff's office in the county in which plaintiff resides Civil contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
ARKANSAS
9-15-201, et. al seq. Exclude from dwelling, place of business or employment, school; award temporary support and custody; establish visitation; enforce costs; prevent direct or indirect contact Minimum 90 days, maximum 2yrs.; may be renewed. Temporary order: maximum 30 days Class A misdemeanor: maximum penalty 1 year imprisonment in county jail or maximum fine of $1,000 or both Family or household member or on behalf of a family or household member who is a minor or adjudicated incompetent Yes Copy issued to law enforcement officer with jurisdiction to accompany petitioner in possession of dwelling or otherwise assist in service of order Civil contempt
CALIFORNIA
Family Code 6240, et seq.; 6320, et seq.; Penal 273.6 Enjoining contact; excluding from dwelling; enjoining specific behavior; regarding minor child: custody, visitations. Penal code: any person who has domestic abuse perpetrated against him/her as shown by affidavit of reasonable proof Emergency order: the earlier of the close of the 5th business day after issue or 7 calendar days. Others: 3 year maximum unless extended by office or parties stipulate to permanent order 1 year and/or $1,000; with physical injury: $2,000 or 30 days to 1 yr. in jail or both; subsequent conviction: $2,000, 6 mos.-1 yr. jail, or both, or state imprisonment Spouse, cohabitant, fiancé/fiancée, parent of one's child, blood relations.   By the close of business on day of issuance; local law enforcement agency must notify Department of Justice for domestic violence protective order registry  

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
COLORADO
14-4-101, et seq.; 18-6-803.5 Enjoin contact; exclude party from dwelling or dwelling of another; regarding minor child: temporary custody; Emergency order: restrain from threatening, molesting, injuring, or contacting another or minor children of either; excluding from dwelling, if minor child, temporary custody Emergency: maximum close of business on 3rd day following issue, unless continued Class 2 misdemeanor unless prior conviction under § or other restraining order: Class 1 misdemeanor   No Law enforcement agency with jurisdiction to enforce the order Contempt of court
CONNECTICUT
46b-15, et seq. Regarding minor children: temporary custody, visitation; enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling of family or of applicant; threatening, harassing assaulting, molesting sexual assault 6 months unless extended Criminal trespass: in 1st degree, for entering or remaining in dwelling. Maximum penalty up to 1 year in jail or up to $2,000 or both Family or household member subjected to a continuous threat of physical pain or injury; person in a dating relationship who is subjected to continuous threat of physical injury   Yes; immediately; appropriate law enforcement agency within 48 hours of issuance if employed in another town Contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
DELAWARE
Tit. 10 § 1041, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minor children: temporary custody, visitations, support; prohibit use/possession of firearms or disposal of property; award monetary compensation to petitioner; counseling; restrain from committing acts of domestic violence Ex parte order: maximum 30 days. General order: maximum 1 year unless extended Class A misdemeanor and imprisonment or fine or both Member of a protected class on behalf of self and their minor child or an infirm adult   Order entered into Delaware Justice Information system on or before the next business day; copy sent to Delaware law enforcement agency where petitioner resides and/or where abuse received Contempt
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
16-1001, et seq. Enjoin contact; order counseling; exclude from dwelling and possession of other personal property; regarding minor children: temporary custody, visitations award court costs and attorney fees to petitioner Temporary protective order: maximum 14 days. General protective order: maximum 1 year unless extended Misdemeanor: fine, maximum $1,000 and/or imprisonment: maximum 180 days Any person or agency   Metropolitan police department Contempt
FLORIDA
741.30 & 31 Exclude from dwelling; enjoin contact; regarding minor children: grant temporary custody visitations, temporary support; counseling; restrain from committing any acts of domestic violence Ex parte temporary: maximum 15 days. General protective order: maximum 1 year, can reapply but maximum an additional year each time Misdemeanor in 1st degree Any family or household member who is a victim of domestic violence or one who has reasonable cause to believe he or she is about to become victim Yes Within 24 hours of issuance Civil contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
GEORGIA
19-13-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minor children: grant temporary custody, visitations, support and attorney's fees, counseling; provide suitable alternate housing for petitioner and minor children; provide for possession of personal property Maximum 6 months; temporary order may be converted to permanent order Misdemeanor Person who isn't a minor on behalf of self or a minor   Sheriff of the county where order was entered Contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
HAWAII
586-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling and petitioner's work; regarding minor children: grant temporary visitation, counseling Temporary restraining order: maximum 90 days; protective order: maximum 3 years Violation of temporary restraining order: Misdemeanor: required counseling and if 1st conviction, mandatory minimum jail 48 hours and fine of no less than $150 nor more than $500; 2nd conviction mandatory minimum 30 days jail and fine of no less than $250 nor more than $1,000, otherwise mandatory minimum 48 hours; court may waive if 2nd was for nondomestic abuse and 1st conviction was for domestic abuse. Violation of protective order: 1st conviction, mandatory minimum jail 48 hours and up to $150 fine if non-domestic and $150-500 if domestic abuse; 2nd conviction domestic, mandatory minimum 30 days and $250-1,000 fine. Subsequent violations: after 2nd conviction for violation of same order, mandatory minimum 30 days jail and $250-1,000 fine Any family or household member on behalf of self, a minor member or one who is incapacitated or physically unable to file petition, or any state agency on behalf of minor, incapacitated or unable member   Within 24 hours to county police department  

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
IDAHO
39-6301, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minor children: grant temporary custody; pay court cost's and attorney's fees; counseling Maximum 3 months unless renewed, maximum 1 year. Ex parte temporary protective order: maximum 14 days, can be reissued Misdemeanor: maximum 1 year jail and fine, maximum $5,000 Family or household member, even if person has left dwelling to avoid abuse. Custodial or noncustodial parent or guardian may file for minor. Yes, court may order respondent to reimburse petitioner court fees On or before next judicial day  
ILLINOIS
Ch. 750 §60/201, et seq. Prohibition of abuse, neglect, or exploitation; exclude from dwelling, counseling; regarding minor children: grant temporary custody, visitations, support; possession of personal property; prohibition from firearm possession; prohibition of access to records Emergency: minimum 14 to maximum 21 days. Interim: 30 days. Plenary: maximum 2 years. All orders can be extended. If knowing violation: class A misdemeanor. If violating order concerning minors: Class 4 felony. If willful violation: contempt of court; may include jail, restitution, fines, attorney's fees and costs, or community service. Court encouraged to follow these guidelines: 1st violation: minimum 24 hours jail; 2nd or subsequent violation: minimum 48 hours jail A person who has been abused by a family or household member, or by any person on behalf of minor child or adult who cannot file due to age, health, disability, or inaccessibility Yes; no fees for filing petitions or certifying orders. Certified copy filed with sheriff or other law enforcement official same day order is issued Contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
INDIANA
34-26-5-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minor children: support, custody, maintenance, counseling; refrain from disturbing peace of petitioner; refrain from damaging petitioner's property; order possession of property; pay attorney fees Emergency: 60 days maximum. General: maximum 1 year, may be extended, maximum 1 additional year Confinement in jail, prison, and/or fine Person or member of the petitioner's household Yes, but may collect from party against whom the order is sought if court finds issue meritorious Transmit by the end of the same business day a copy to each law enforcement agency designated by petitioner. Some orders must be entered into Indiana Data and Communication System (IDACS)  
IOWA
236.1, et seq. Counseling; enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, or work; regarding minor children: temporary custody, visitations, support, maintenance Maximum 1 year. Emergency: maximum 72 hours; may then seek temporary order. Simple misdemeanor, contempt: required jail sentence; if no contact order: county jail minimum 7 days, a fine may be imposed, attorney's fees, court costs Person seeking relief from domestic abuse on behalf of self or unemanicpated minor Yes Certified copy to county sheriff within 6 hours of filing of the order Contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
KANSAS
60-3101, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support, counseling; provide suitable alternate housing; attorney fees Emergency: until 5PM on first day that court resumes business. Support order: maximum 1 year, may be extended for 1 year maximum. General: maximum 1 year, may be extended for 1 year maximum Violation of enjoining contact: assault or battery; violation of exclusion from dwelling: criminal trespass A person or minor child through a parent or adult residing with the child; cannot apply more than twice a year except in the case of abuse of a minor. Yes Copy to police department of petitioner's residential city or to sheriff of the petitioner's residential county if no residential city Contempt of court
KENTUCKY
403.715 to .785 (domestic violence) 209.01 to .16 (Kentucky Adult Protective Act) Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, support, counseling; restrain from disposing of or damaging property Emergency: maximum 14 days, may be extended for 14 days. General: maximum 3 years, may be reissued for a year period, with unlimited reissues Contempt of court: if intentional violation, Class A misdemeanor Family member or unmarried couple member who is a resident or has fled to this state to escape domestic violation and abuse Yes Copy to appropriate law enforcement agency within 24 hours; copy to appropriate agency for entry of domestic violation records into Law Information Network of Kentucky Contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
LOUISIANA
46:2131 to 2142 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, work; regarding minors: temporary custody, counseling; awarding use of property Maximum 6 months, may be extended Contempt of court: imprisonment maximum 6 months and/or fine, maximum $500 Any parent; adult household member, parent or district attorney on behalf of minor or incompetent Paid by perpetrator Copy of Uniform Abuse Protection Order to chief law enforcement official of parish where protected persons reside, by end of next business day after filing; Louisiana Protective Order Registry no later than next business day. Contempt of court
MAINE
15 §321, 19A§4001 et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, or work; support regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations; counseling, court costs and attorney's fee; prohibition from possession of a firearm; order termination of a life insurance policy Temporary: remains in effect pending service of final order. General: maximum 2 years, may be extended Class D crime; if violation of order of support: contempt Any abused family or household member; if minor, person responsible for the child or representative of Department of Human Services Yes, may be waived For temporary emergency or interim relief; copy to law enforcement agency as soon as possible. General: copy to law enforcement agency most likely to enforce order  

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
MARYLAND
Family Law §4-501, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, work, or school; regarding minors: temporary custody, counseling, visitations, maintenance Temporary: 7 days, may be extended, maximum 30 days. General: maximum 12 mos. Contempt, criminal prosecution, imprisonment, or fine. If violate certain clauses: misdemeanor; first offense: up to $1,000 fine or 90 days jail or both; 2nd or subsequent: up to $2,500 fine or 1 yr. in prison or both A household member or minor or vulnerable adult; state's attorney, department of social services, law enforcement officer, blood, marriage or adoptive relative, or adult household member May be waived Copy to appropriate law enforcement agency  
MASSACHUSETTS
209A §1, et seq.; 208 §34C Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling (maximum 1 year, may be extended); regarding minors: temporary custody, support; suspend firearms license, monetary compensation, court may recommend batterer's treatment program; alcohol limitations Maximum 1 year, may be extended Fine: maximum $5,000 and/or jail, maximum 2.5 years and order appropriate treatment A person suffering from abuse from an adult or minor family or household member. Yes Copy to appropriate law enforcement agency Yes, civil contempt
MICHIGAN
600.2950 personal protection order & 2950a Enjoin contact; exclude from premise, work; regarding minors: exclude from minor children, enjoin possession of firearms; deny access to information Minimum 182 days unless modified Civil or criminal contempt: jail, maximum 93 days and fined maximum $500 Household member, spouse/ex-spouse, parent of one's child, dating relationship.   Copy entered into law enforcement information network by law enforcement agency designated by court in order Yes, for false statements made in court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
MINNESOTA
518B.01 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, work; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitation, support; counseling; restitution; continue payment of joint insurance coverage; issue property limitations. General: maximum 1 year, may be extended. Ex parte order: maximum 1 year Misdemeanor: minimum 3 days jail and counseling. Gross misdemeanor if convicted under certain laws, within 5 years: minimum 10 days and counseling; court may order $10,000 bond or 5 yrs. imprisonment, or both if repeat violation likely or if possessing a dangerous weapon Any family or household member, a guardian, or regarding minors: a reputable adult age 25 or older as determined by the court, or minor on minor's own behalf if court determines minor has sufficient maturity Yes; respondent may be directed to pay them Copy within 24 hours to local law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the residence of the applicant Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
MISSISSIPPI
93-21-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; restitution for monetary losses suffered as a result of abuse. Temporary: maximum 10 days, can be extended another 20 days. General: maximum 3 years, may be extended Contempt of court: maximum 6 months jail and/or fine, maximum $1,000 Any parent, adult household member, or next friend on behalf of minors or incompetent Yes, if court finds that abuse has been committed, abuser may be assessed fines.   Yes, contempt of court
MISSOURI
455.01, et seq. Temporarily enjoin contact; temporarily exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitation, support, counseling; court costs Full order: min. 180 days to 1 yr., may be renewed for same amount of time Class A misdemeanor unless convicted of same within 5 years: Class D felony Any adult who has been subject to abuse by present or former family or household member, or who has been the victim of stalking Yes, court costs assessment determined by the court Copy to local law enforcement agency in jurisdiction where petitioner resides; copy for entry into Missouri uniform law enforcement system No
MONTANA
40-4-121 to 125; 40-15-101, et seq. Temporar y order during dissolutio n of marriage only; 45-5-626 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, and employment of petitioner; counseling; regarding minors: enjoin contact; prohibition from possession of a firearm; during dissolution, includes temporary maintenance and support; limiting use of property Temporary: maximum 20 days; during dissolution: maximum 1 year, may be modified Fine: maximum $500 and/or jail maximum 6 months. If 2nd conviction: fine, minimum $200 and maximum $500 and/or jail, minimum 24 hours and maximum 6 months. If 3rd or subsequent offense: fine, minimum $500 and maximum $2,000 and jail, minimum 10 days and maximum 2 years Victim or regarding minors: parent, guardian ad litem or other representative May be if inability-topay-filingfees order form submitted Copy mailed, within 24 hours of receiving proof of service, to the appropriate law enforcement agency  

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
NEBRASKA
42-901, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling or any other place specified by court; regarding minors; temporary custody Maximum: 1 year unless modified Class II misdemeanor if knowingly violated; Class I misdemeanor if violator has prior conviction for violating order; Class IV felony if violator has prior conviction for violating same order Any victim of domestic abuse Yes, in good faith Copy to local police department, local law enforcement agent and local sheriff's office  
NEVADA
33.017, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, or employment; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations Temporary order: maximum 30 days or until hearing. Extended order: 1 year Misdemeanor or maximum penalty prescribed by law. If violation by violent physical act: fine $1,000 or community service 200 hours; jail, minimum 5 days, maximum 6 months; attorney and medical costs; counseling Spouse, former spouse, blood or marital relative, parent of one's child, dating relation, minor Court assesses against respondent at final disposition and can reduce or waive them Copy by end of next business day to appropriate law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over residence, school, child care facility, or place of employment Yes, contempt of court
NEW HAMPSHIRE
173B, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, employment; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; counseling; court costs and attorney fees, relinquishment of weapons and firearms Maximum: 1 year, may be extended Willful violation: contempt of court; knowingly violation: Class A misdemeanor; subsequent violations will result in enhanced penalties Any person; a minor petitioner need not be accompanied by a parent or guardian Yes Copy to department of safety and local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction to enforce the order Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
NEW JERSEY
2C: 25-17, et seq., 2c:29-9 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, employment; regarding minors: visitation, support, custody, counseling: prohibit from possession of a firearm; reimburse petitioner's related expenses   Contempt: crime in 4th degree. If 2nd or subsequent domestic violation contempt offense: jail minimum 30 days Any person claiming to be a victim of domestic violence   Copy to appropriate chiefs of police, members of state police, and other law enforcement agencies Yes, contempt of court
NEW MEXICO
40-13-2, et seq., 31-19-1 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: visitation, support Emergency: 72 hrs.; maximum: 6 months, may be extended for 6 months Misdemeanor: jail maximum 1 year and/or fine maximum $1,000. If 2nd or subsequent: jail minimum 72 consecutive hours Any victim of domestic abuse Yes Copy to local law enforcement agency Yes, contempt of court
NEW YORK
Jud. Ct. Acts §§655, 656 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, employment; regarding minors: visitation; counseling; reimburse reasonable expenses Temporary order: 4 calendar days Contempt Any person   Copy to sheriff's office or police department in county or city in which petitioner resides Yes, contempt of court
NORTH CAROLINA
50B-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support, counseling; prohibit purchase of a firearm; court costs and attorney fees 1 year; may be renewed for an additional year Class A1 misdemeanor Any aggrieved party; a minor may be represented by a person who resides with or has custody Yes Copy to police department of city of victim's residence or sheriff of county police department where victim resides Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
NORTH DAKOTA
14-07.1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support, counseling; surrender of firearm; court costs and attorney fees; awarding use of personal property Temporary: maximum 30 days Class A misdemeanor and contempt of court. If 2nd or subsequent: Class C felony Any family or household member or any other person where court finds relationship is sufficient to warrant issuance of domestic violation protective order Yes Copy transmitted by close of business to local law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over victim's residence Yes, contempt of court
OHIO
3113.31 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, employment; regarding minors: temporarily allocate parental rights, visitations, support, counseling Maximum 5 years, may be renewed; or upon court action for divorce 1st degree misdemeanor Person, parent or adult household member on behalf of other family or household member Yes Copy to all law enforcement agencies with jurisdiction Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
OKLAHOMA
Tit. 22 §60.1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, counseling; court costs and attorney fees Temporary: until close of business on next day after order is issued. General: 3 yrs. max until modified or extended Misdemeanor: jail maximum 1 year and/or fine maximum $1,000. If 2nd or subsequent: misdemeanor: jail minimum 10 days, maximum 1 year and/or fine minimum $1,000 and maximum $5,000. If causes physical injury or impairment: misdemeanor: jail minimum 20 days, maximum 1 year and/or fine maximum $5,000. If minor child convicted: counseling and community service hours Victim or any adult or emancipated minor household member on behalf of any other family or household member who is a minor or incompetent, or any minor who is 16 or 17 Yes, filing fee; court will assess fees against defendant at hearing. If petition for order was frivolous then fees may be assessed to plaintiff. Within 24 hours of return of service, court will send copies to all appropriate law enforcement agencies designated by petitioner  
OREGON
107.700, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, counseling, support Temporary: 1 year restraining order, effective until expires or terminated by court Contempt Any person who has been the victim of abuse within preceding 180 days Yes Copy to county sheriff, and entered into Law Enforcement Data System Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
PENNSYLVANIA
Domestic Relations 23 §6102, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school, employment, or defendant provide suitable alternate housing; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; relinquish weapons; pay reasonable losses suffered as a result of abuse emergency: expires at end of next business day; General: maximum 18 mos., may be extended indefinitely Indirect criminal contempt: jail maximum 6 months and/or fine minimum $100 and maximum $1,000 Adult or emancipated minor or any parent, adult household member, or guardian ad litem on behalf of minor or incompetent Yes, if petitioner prevails; if not, court decides whether petitioner able to pay Petitioner may register order without cost or fee in any county or a copy may be sent to the Pennsylvania State Police registry. Copy to police department with proper jurisdiction and copy to county registry of protection order Yes, civil contempt
RHODE ISLAND
15-15-1, et seq., 12-29-5 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, support Support payments: maximum 90 days. General: maximum 3 years, may be extended. Temporary: maximum 21 days, maybe extended Contempt of court. If defendant has actual notice of protective order: misdemeanor: jail maximum 1 year and/or fine maximum $1,000 and counseling Any victim of domestic abuse Yes Copy forwarded immediately to law enforcement agency designated by petitioner Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
SOUTH CAROLINA
20-4-10, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, employment or school; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; court costs and attorney fees Minimum 6 months, maximum 1 year, may be extended. Regarding minor protective order: maximum 60 days or until divorce or support or maintenance hearing If 1st offense: jail 30 days or fine maximum $200. If contempt of court: jail maximum 1 year and/or fine maximum $1,500 Any household member on behalf of self or minor household members Yes Copy to local law enforcement agencies with jurisdiction over area where petitioner resides Yes, contempt of court
SOUTH DAKOTA
25-10-1, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support, counseling Protective order: maximum 3 years. Temporary: 30 days If knows of order: Class 1 misdemeanor. If assault occurs: Class 6 felony Any family or household member Yes, if affidavit filed Copy to local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over area where petitioner resides within 24 hours Yes, contempt of court
TENNESSEE
36-3-601, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling or provide suitable alternate housing; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; counseling Protective order effective for 1 year, or court of divorce action modifies or dissolves it Civil or criminal contempt: civil penalty of $50 Victim of abuse by present or former adult family or household member, if filed by a minor then a parent or guardian signature needed Determined at hearing Copy to local law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over area where petitioner resides Yes, contempt of court

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
TEXAS
Family 71.01, et seq. Repealed; now Family 71.001 et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, employment, school; regarding minors: enjoin contact, temporary custody, support; counseling; reasonable court costs and attorney fees; suspension of firearm license Temporary: maximum 20 days, may be extended; General: maximum 2 yrs. Fine, maximum $4,000 and/or jail, maximum 1 year. If family violence occurs, can be prosecuted for a misdemeanor or felony, carry jail minimum 2 years. Temporary: maximum $500 fine or maximum 6 months jail, or both Adult member of family; prosecuting attorney; department of protective and regulatory services Yes; fees paid by respondent Copy to chief of police where protected resides and to department of public safety Yes, contempt of court
UTAH
30-6-1, et seq.; 76-5-108 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, school or employment; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations; prohibit from purchasing, using, or possessing a firearm Ex parte: Maximum 20 days unless modified. Civil provisions: 150 days Class A misdemeanor Any cohabitant or child residing with a cohabitant, or a cohabitant, department, or person or institution may apply for a minor Yes Copy by end of next business day to local law enforcement agencies designated by petitioner and copy to statewide domestic violations network Yes, contempt of court
VERMONT
Tit. 15 §1101, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from residence or other locations; regarding minors: temporary custody, support (maximum 3 months) A fixed period at the expiration of which time the court may extend order Criminal contempt: jail maximum 6 months and/or fine maximum $1,000 Any family or household member on behalf of self or their children Yes Copy to department of public safety relief from abuse database  

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
VIRGINIA
16.1-253, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling or provide alternative housing; regarding minors: visitations; use of motor vehicle Emergency: 72 hrs. after issuance Contempt of court and Class 1 misdemeanor; no suspension of term Any person or the court. Yes Copy to local police department or sheriff's office Yes, contempt of court
WASHINGTON
26.50.01, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, employment, school and day care; regarding minors: temporary custody; counseling; electronic monitoring; court costs and attorney fees Restraining order to protect minors: maximum 1 year, may be extended. Ex parte temporary order: maximum 14 or 24 days, may be reissued Gross misdemeanor: contempt of court. If assault less than 1st or 2nd degree occurs: Class C felony. If reckless or substantial risk of death or serious injury: Class C felony. If at least 2 prior protective order violations: Class C felony Any person on behalf of self, or minor family or household member. Department of Social and Health Services may seek on behalf of and with consent of any vulnerable adult. Yes Entered into statewide judicial information system within one judicial day; copy on or before next judicial day to appropriate law enforcement agency Yes, contempt of court
WEST VIRGINIA
48-27-101, et seq. Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling, employment; counseling; regarding minors: temporary custody, visitations, support; prohibition from possession of a firearm; reimburse for reasonable expenses Final protective order: 90-180 days; may be extended Misdemeanor: jail minimum 1 day and maximum 1 year and fine, minimum $250 and maximum $2,000 Person or adult family or household member on behalf of minor or incapacitated Yes Copy within 24 hours to any law enforcement agency having jurisdiction including city police, county sheriff's office or local office of the West Virginia State Police Yes, civil contempt

Table 30: Protective Orders

Code Section Activity Addressed by Order Duration Penalty for a Violation of Order Who May Apply for Order Fees Waived? Transmission to Law Enforcement Civil Liability
WISCONSIN
813.12; 813.122 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: reasonable visitation; surrender of firearms, unless respondent is a peace officer Injunction: maximum 4 years or until child victim is 18 years, whichever is first If knowingly violates, jail maximum 9 months and/or fine maximum $1,000 Any person, or parent, stepparent or guardian of child victim   Copy to law enforcement agency with jurisdiction within 24 hrs.; made available to other agencies through a verification system  
WYOMING
35-21-101, et seq.; 6-4-404 Enjoin contact; exclude from dwelling; regarding minors: temporary custody, support, counseling, (maximum 90 days) Protective order: maximum 3 months, may be extended for additional 3 month periods If willful violation: misdemeanor: jail maximum 6 mos. and/or $750 fine Any victim of domestic abuse Yes Copy to county sheriff who notifies local law enforcement agency in petitioner's county Yes

Additional topics

Law Library - American Law and Legal InformationState Laws and Statutes